[JoeF]

A LE optional treatment in some versions: sail surrounds the device about 60% of the circumference of stationed rings; dipping will occur between station rings. Device: Taut set of strings that capture stationed rings; from ring go lines to a hold-beam circle of string that hug LE beams. This thickens the LE airfoil. Not made; not tested.

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[JoeF]

A few ideas for the present topic might be squeezed from the following video:


and

[JoeF]

One proposed solution has two sub-packs illustrated below. One pack would be about 6-in square by 4-ft length. The other pack would be about 3-in by 6-in by 4-ft. The packs could be combined to one pack or kept as two separate sub-packs. When as one: 9 in x 6 in x 4 ft. The smaller pack could expand to hold food, water, and miscellaneous play gear. Maybe wear helmet and harness. Hang loop is not shown in the drawings yet, but could be in second pack.

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[JoeF]

I here revisit something posted years ago, but slightly advance the matter.

An option for main wing spars or other beams or half-beams for other HG parts:
The technology herein could be considered for various rigs:
cantilever full, cantilever partial, strutted, highly rigged with guy lines from king posts and queen posts, single-spar HGs, double-spar HGs,...

In some instances, lightening holes in two of the faces that remain unstacked may be appropriate.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightening_holes

There may be HG applications where one would have just three faces, or have 5 faces, or 7 faces, or 10 faces. And it is open to have integral flat material or material in the flat that combines various materials with various specification, but yet hinged for the folding up. All such choices would be coilable. Surface texture may be altered to fit needs. Magnetic surfacing of surfaces are of the faces remain possible. Intent is to coil the spar or beam while flat to have a polite tote of a coiled form. The interior of the coil or stack of such coils may stow other HG parts during tote. HG sail segments may wrap the beam/spar coils.

For packing: consider placing flat left main-wing spar on top of the flat right main-wing spar if coiling is not too stiff; then coil the stack. Else make two coils and then stack to obtain a high hollow for stowing other HG parts.

Safety: firm stowing rings (straps) to hold the coils is recommended; unwanted opening of the coil during transporting would not be a happy occurrence.

Note: the hinge lines shown on the opened uncoiled drawing imply an integral part with fold or hinge lines. The hinging may be depressions in a raw meta material or constructed hinges that bind adjacent faces for a hinging action.

Note: The drawing invites the tapered beam. However, taper is not necessary for some choices; the faces may be of rectangular form to get a constant cross section for the triangular beam. Similar technology may produce other than triangular cross-section when wanted. Also, D tubes may be formed using similar coilable technology. All such may be considered for single main-spar or double or triple spar HGs or other constructions. When useful, one could use the same flat to coil with up form with overlap using such as hook-and-loop to form round beams without hinging lines; the round form might use several roundings to make a beam; and two runs of hook-and-loop might be chosen in some instances. Special hook-and-loop de-catching tools might be needed to perform packing up of some constructions.

Other types of coilable beams and booms are rehearsed in the literature. Also, similar vein, explore NASA’s Deployable Composite Booms project, led out of NASA’s Langley Research Center. Foldable. Rollable. Coilable. Deployable.
Tease: https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/space ... ojects/dcb

Tease: https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/space ... ojects/dcb

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=============================================================

[Bob Kuczewski]

Interesting videos. I watched all three. I was very impressed with the automated machining segment. I also liked the way that the leading edge extensions fit into one another. However, it doesn't seem that they used multiple segments for the crossbar.

As for the coilable beams, they were very thin which made them easy to deform (squash) and to roll. I'm not sure if the thicker ones needed for terrestrial flight (and terrestrial abuse) would roll up as well. I do like the velcro triangle idea, but I would worry about its performance under torsion.

Thanks (as always) for the rich ideas you bring to the world Joe!!

[JoeF]

Good wonder, Bob.
Torsion deal: Have two parallel coilable triangle spars set about 3 ft apart. The faces that are on top are the compression elements of the spars. Under compression the triangle cross section is not as neat performing as circular cross sectioned spars; but have station wing ribs join the two parallel spars; let that "join" series stabilize the torsion challenge you mentioned. Spars may be placed at different stations of the ribs, even different than this drawing shows.
Birds don't have two spars generally following the leading edge in a lateral wing, but we have such option in some formats of hang gliders.

As for the torsion response in birds for their long bones: https://anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley ... ar.a.20141
The article handles the matter of a single main spar system for birds; and appropriately finds the circular cross section with an advantage.
But the world of wings for aircraft can have two or more spanwise spars; and torsion of the system of two or more spars may be addressed with crossing chordwise rib joins. Then add rigging in king-queen posting to the two spars and obtain terrific torsion-resisting.

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________________________________________________________
Paper:
ADVANCED DEPLOYABLE STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS FOR SMALL SATELLITES
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20170003919/downloads/20170003919.pdf
________________________________________________________________

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[JoeF]

Tease: some tubing matters may be explored:
https://www.testriteoem.com/products/sq ... ing-locks/
=================================================================
In many HG designs the involved spars are in compression; when segmented, compression may be wrestled to good effect to hold the segments together. Block the outer segment in some HG designs could slip in the end of the next segment and simply be blocked; then the next segment blocked in the next keelwise segment.
=================================================================
In a rough-built HG there might be two spar or two rib segments joined by simple overlap. In such case, the overlap face of the two ends of segments may be rough deliberately; my some method squeeze the two rough faces together; maybe have a thin rubber liner in the interface. Choose among methods to make the squeeze. Spar segments in KP-QP (kingpost-queenpost) guy-stayed HGs are in compression; that compression may be mined for a special exterior joining method using low mass tensional tactics which will be explored soon.
=================================================================

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______________________________________________

Various stops possible. Various bands possible. Various interface design possible.

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[JoeF]

A peek into a conversation:

Oct 6, 2022; 2022-10-05 02:14

Hi Cindy,
This my first step in seeking four sets of telescopic carbon fiber tubes for prototyping products. All tubes are to be 5 ft in length. Three tubes in each telescopic set. Count of items: 3, 3, 3, 3 for 12 items. But 4 of one cross-section diameter, 4 of another cross-section diameter, and 4 of another cross-section diameter.
Base outside diameter of a set of telescopic tubes is to be among your standard productions. Avoid custom makes; avoid custom charges. Wall thickness is to be graded in steps also. So, of the three tubes in a telescopic set, the wall thickness is to be among your standard productions. The second fitting tube is to have an outside diameter among your standard productions, hopefully to fit inside with some slight sliding ability; and the final tube similarly tapered.

Approximate OD of base tube of the three: 1.5 inches.

What have you? And what would be the weight of one telescopic set of three tubes?

We will not be applying any paint or other surface treatments; we will not be bonding any materials to the tubes. Glossy finish by you would be fine.
Since I am new at purchasing from overseas, please give an estimate of shipping cost for such an order.

It will take some time to test the four tube sets in our product before we order again after first purchase with you.
Thank you,
Joe Faust

Hi Joe, thanks very much for your inquiry,may i ask how do you use these telescopic pole? if i understand right, you need 4 pieces tapered telescopic pole, each pole consists of three 5ft tubes. base od is about 1.5'', we can recommend you the other dimensions according to our standards.

Also do you have any requirement about the id, od on top end and bottom end? Thank you.

Jackson Jin,
Large kites. Following your non-custom standards to keep best cost until we know our final design. We do not yet know wall thickness of the pieces; we will test to destruction and buy again. The pole will be under compression stress mostly. So, we are first interested in buying only a first set, not 4 sets. After we destroy the first set, then we will order another altered set. Please quote on one set where one set means one pole that telescope three tubes each 5ft in length. Thank you.

Guess is approximate wall thickness of 1/16 inch, but off-the-shelf tubes may be acceptable during experiments. Thank you.

Please quote raw weight of the one pole of three tubes and approximate shipping. No fittings or locks, just raw parts.

When our kite product is finished and ready for production, we will first order such poles in sets of four to make one kite. Then testing will occur on full up design. When testing is complete we will begin marketing the kite in kit format without warranty. Our estimate of the market is immature at this time, but we will serve a small or large market. Small market is estimated to be 30 kites/year each using the four poles of three tubes; large market is estimated to be 1000 kites/year, each kite using the four poles of three tubes. But there are too many unknowns to firm the picture. We want to remain within your non-custom tube production costing.

[JoeF]

Options for ribs are myriad. And choices for one HG design may differ for other designs. Herein is an option for some HG designs. Lowering gross mass of a HG design for small packing is ever part of my personal aims. Flat rib parts may allow stuffing the rib parts into the interior of a tube part of the HG wing. Or such flat rib parts might fit in the spaces between packed tube parts.

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"string capture" refers to the string subassembly where an effective permanent loop fixed to the one end of the rib part. The "string capture" section of the string subassembly is the lower end of the string subassembly; the upper part of the string subassembly has a loop that encircles the rib part and is free to slide on the rib part. The sliding loop part of the string subassembly allows the rib part to be flat at pack tote. The sliding loop of the string assembly may fit over a stop on the rib in the high part of the rib curve. The "stop" on the rib may be duplicated; that is, there may be more than one stop to allow camber experimentation for the airfoil.

The shown option may be explored in SS or DS HGs. The shown option does not show the remainder of the rib. Indeed in some HG designs, the shown option may not have a second rearward rib part. But when wanted there may be a rearward rib part that fits onto the shown option in a compressive manner. In some HG designs, a second part of the rib would fit snugly to a rear spar. A rear spar may then be tensionally married with the front spar.

Note: in some HG designs there may be a third rear rib part using the herein rib-design option.

The rib option herein studied may consist of springy bamboo flat from off-the-shelf house shade curtains or other sources. Or the rib part might be a carbon-fiber thin bar or veneer strip or fiberglass strip, etc. Or one might explore pultruded fiberglass rods or carbon-fiber rods. Note: flat forms might seat in sail sock better than the rod choices. Flat may self-seat when sail sock is tensed.

The rib option could be combined with Mylar flats or displaced with Mylar flats that bend within sock sails. Etc.

Any pilot or non-pilot member of the small-pack movement may post rib options or other details or aspects of small-pack HG designs. Results of tests are invited.

[JoeF]

Assumption: One has designed and built the HG wing fit for safe flight in some defined safe zone of conditions.

An option direction for rib on a two-spar HG deal where there is a main wing and then an applique DS rear wing extension:

Don helmet. Prepare tie down anchoring as needed to meet conditions.

Open HG subpacks. Display parts; hopefully one brought all the parts. If all parts are present, then begin assembly of the HG wing. Have checklist of parts. Have a written set of assembly and packing steps. Backup those lists on one's cell phone and on the Internet. Make note of wonderings, questions, observations as might be profitable.

Place the four telescopic spars on the ground in approximate final geometry. Mount the chord tension lines to the spars loosely. Those lines will be stressed when mounting the ribs; later, the sock sail will also assist in keeping the spars in place snuggling the ribs. Connect the diagonal lines to have and stay the designed sweep of the spar frame. If needed, line any control lines.

Assemble a set of ribs that rotate while connected to both spars. Let the chordwise tension line snug the yoke-ended chordwise rib; that is, the chordwise tension line will increase in tension as the yoked rib ends are stuffed into position.

Before socking a side wing, mount the ribs at about 45 degrees off their eventual vertical position. Have a set of keel-anchored pull lines that fit to the top of the ribs; the lines connect to all the ribs of a side. The off-vertical temporary attitude of the ribs allows the socking to occur without resistance.

Then sock the side wing.

Then pull the rib pull lines to cause the ribs as a team to rotate to their vertical positions; anchor the pull lines at the wing tip; this should make the almost fully taut; full tautness will arrive when marrying the two sided socks together at the keel. The pull lines so anchored will maintain the ribs in vertical position. The sided wing sock covers the ribs for a DS wing.

Fish through the sock the landing and flight wing guy line-stubs; attach landing lines to the line-stubs while wing is flat on the ground. Attach the landing lines to the kingpost. Do same for the other side wing.

Mount the TE applique wing subassemblies to the socks. Hook-and-loop the applique to upper and lower part of the rear region of the sock sail. Most of the applique will be DS. Option of some segments to be SS for control purposes, if wanted.

Rotate wings onto LE on ground to allow triangle control frame to be mounted and guy lined to keel. Have the control frame to be two queen posts and a connecting control cord; the tension in the control cord will be from the full flight loading; the tension will only be non-taut upon negative flight loading; instead of a control bar, have the control cord for the lower third side of the TCF (triangle control frame, birthed in hang gliding sport meet in the first decade of the 1900s). Such control cord saves having one rigid beam found ordinarily in most hang gliders.

Install flight lines to both sided wings rooted at the lower end of the two queen posts. Firm socks to each other at the keel.

Mount the High Hat. Tie the wing down as needed to meet wind conditions.

Install wing-tip region side-downward fences/rudders as wished.

Install hang loop. Don harness. Helmet was already on head during assembly activity.

Do full check of all parts and connections. Check wing symmetry and appearance. Check lines. Check wind. Check people. Check self and hanging system. Connect hang line(s) to hang loop; do hang check. Do a bunny ground-skim flight or two or three. Unhook. Set wing for another check; check applique integrity. Hook in. Hang check. Do wind, people, traffic, self checks. Clear balances and angles. Clear! Launch. Fly the HG only in conditions and manner that is in harmony with the structural integrity of the build HG wing. If the safe zone is with only very conservative actions and conditions, then stay in flying actions accordingly.

Packing time: Pack all parts into a politely-busable set of subpacks. Hike to a bus or train. Arrive home. Give thanksgiving. Eat. Sleep. Make notes for improvements and experiments. Share items in US Hawks forum.

Modify the HG wing as needed.